| 1. | The earliest gene patents were obtained around 1978 on the gene for human growth hormone
1978年左右，人类生长基因组获得了最早的基因专利权批准。 |
| 2. | The effect of gene patenting on research and investment has been the subject of great debate
然而，对于基因专利权对科学研究以及商业投资产生的影响，社会上还存在着很大的争议。 |
| 3. | Advocates argue that gene patents , like all patents , promote the disclosure and dissemination of ideas by making important uses of gene sequences publicly known
此观点的支持者认为，和所有的专利权一样，基因专利权通过让公众知晓基因序列的重要作用，从而促进了新想法的公开和传播。 |
| 4. | In cases where there are a lot of patents surrounding one area of research , the scientific costs of gene patents financial and otherwise can be extremely high
如果在一个研究领域中涉及到了很多已经享有专利权的基因，那么科学家在基因专利权上的付出包括财政方面和其它方面，将非常之高。 |
| 5. | Nevertheless , though to some extent gene patents are approved in some countries as well as in china , the dispute whether a gene is an invention or a discovery has not come to an end
在涉及基因专利保护问题上，尽管许多国家在一定程度上承认对基因的专利保护，但有关基因到底是发明还是发现的争论却并未停止。 |
| 6. | This paper proposes that analyzing the cause and effect of defining invention and discovery can not only provide some theoretic basis for gene patents , but also enrich and perfect the foundational theory of patent law
通过对发明与发现区分的变迁分析，我们认为，在确定基因专利性时应淡化发明与发现的区分，采用专利“三性”标准为可行之道。 |
| 7. | Yet there has been little comprehensive research about the extent of gene patenting . the new study reveals that more than 4 , 000 genes , or 20 percent of the almost 24 , 000 human genes , have been claimed in u . s . patents
这项最新研究结果显示，有超过4000种的人类基因，即目前能够被识别的将近2 . 4万种人类基因中的20 ，已经在美国获得了专利，被视为知识产权。 |
| 8. | " an isolated dna sequence can be patented in the same manner that a new medicine , purified from a plant , could be patented if an inventor identifies a new application . " gene patents were central to the biotech boom of the 1980s and 1990s
莫里说： “如果一位发明者确定了某种基因的新用途，那这个单独的dna序列就能和从植物里提纯出的某种新药一样，以相同的方式获得专利权。 ” |
| 9. | " gene patents give their owners property rights over gene sequences for example in a diagnostic test , as a test for the efficacy of a new drug , or in the production of therapeutic proteins , " murray said
其中，享有人类基因专利权最多的是美国incyte制药公司，其享有的专利权覆盖了2000种人类基因。对此，莫里教授表示，基因专利权给它的所有者带来了基于这种基因某些新用途的财产权。 |
| 10. | Other more , we should establish benefit sharing system that means providers will share part of benefit of gene patent from the owner of patent . this system apply to not only parties in a country , but also to parties in different countries , which will maintain the interest balance between owner of patent with state and between developed countries and undeveloped countries
再次，为了照顾社会公众利益，维护公平，同时也是为敝展中国家与发达国家相椭，作者主张应实行听u益分享”的原则，即由基因资源的撇方分享舒u权人就基因专利所取得的利益，并分析了为什么这种利益分配制度并不与专利法的淋宗旨相违背。 |
